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Brno (; , also known by other alternative names) is the second largest city in the Czech Republic by population and area, the largest Moravian city, and the historical capital city of the Margraviate of Moravia. Brno is the administrative center of the South Moravian Region in which it forms a separate district (Brno-City District). The city lies at the confluence of the Svitava and Svratka rivers and has about 400,000 inhabitants;〔 its greater metropolitan area〔 is home to more than 800,000 people〔 while its larger urban zone had population of about 730,000 in 2004.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url = http://www.urbanaudit.org/CityProfiles.aspx?CityCode=CZ002C&CountryCode=CZ )〕 Brno is the seat of judicial authority of the Czech Republic – it is the seat of the Constitutional Court, the Supreme Court, the Supreme Administrative Court, and the Supreme Public Prosecutor's Office. The city is also a significant administrative centre. It is the seat of a number of state authorities, including the Ombudsman,〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.ochrance.cz/en/ )〕 and the Office for the Protection of Competition.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.compet.cz/en/ )〕 Brno is also an important centre of higher education, with 33 faculties belonging to 13 institutes of higher learning and about 89,000 students. Brno Exhibition Centre ranks among the largest exhibition centres in Europe (23rd in the world).〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Informace o společnosti - Veletrhy Brno )〕 The complex opened in 1928 and established the tradition of large exhibitions and trade fairs held in Brno.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Basic Info - BVV Trade Fairs Brno )〕 Brno hosts motorbike and other races on the Masaryk Circuit, a tradition established in 1930 in which the Road Racing World Championship Grand Prix〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=1930 - 1986 Automotodrom Brno )〕 is one of the most prestigious races. Another cultural tradition is an international fireworks competition, ''Ignis Brunensis'',〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=ABOUT THE FESTIVAL )〕 that usually attracts tens of thousands of daily visitors.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Celková návštěvnost festivalových akcí )〕 The most visited sights of the city include the Špilberk castle and fortress and the Cathedral of Saints Peter and Paul on Petrov hill, two medieval buildings that dominate the cityscape and are often depicted as its traditional symbols. The other large preserved castle near the city is Veveří Castle by the Brno Dam Lake.〔 This castle is the site of a number of legends, as are many other places in Brno.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Veverské pověsti a legendy )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Old Town Hall of Brno – Brno Tourist Informations )〕 Another architectural monument of Brno is the functionalist Villa Tugendhat which has been included on the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Introduction – Vila Tugendhat )〕 One of the natural sights nearby is the Moravian Karst. == Etymology == The etymology of the name ''Brno'' is disputed. It perhaps comes from Old Czech ''brnie'' 'muddy, swampy.'〔E.M. Pospelov, ''Geograficheskie nazvaniya mira'' (Moscow, 1998), p. 82.〕 Alternative derivations are from a Slavic verb ''brniti'' (to armor or to fortify) or a Celtic language spoken in the area before it was overrun by Germanic peoples and later Slavic peoples (this theory would make it cognate with other Celtic words for hill, such as the Welsh word ''bryn''). Throughout its history, Brno's locals also referred to the town in other languages, including ''Brünn'' in German, ברין (''Brin'') in Yiddish and ''Bruna'' in Latin. The city was also referred to as Brunn ()〔(【引用サイトリンク】 url =http://www.audioenglish.org/dictionary/brunn.htm )〕 in English, but this usage is not common today.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 url =http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?o2=&o0=1&o8=1&o1=1&o7=&o5=&o9=&o6=&o3=&o4=&s=Brno )〕 The Asteroid 2889 Brno was named after the city, as well as the Bren light machine gun (Brno + Enfield), one of the most famous weapons of World War II. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Brno」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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